Sampling

How do you sample from deep wells with increased pressure?

What is the sample protocol for portable low-flow systems?

How bad is it if you dewater the well with a low-flow system?

Can bladder pumps become contaminated in wells and then influence sample concentrations?

Are there any studies showing how low-flow works in open bedrock wells versus screen wells? It seems the same situation would apply: water will enter from the water producing zones. Would this hold true, or might there be a difference for open bore versus screen/sand pack wells?

How important is it to develop a well prior to low-flow sampling?  Are results representative without proper development?

Is it feasible to sample hydrocarbon compounds in the dissolved phase and fully submerged screen wells?

What do you think about just taking water from the casing without purging, low-flow or passive sampling?

Is there a ranking of analytes from minimum to maximum difference when sampled by both bailing and low-flow?

Should samples be collected immediately after bailing three to five casing volumes, or after the water in the well is allowed to recharge to at least 80% of the original volume amount?

Is there any benefit to reducing the rate of the sample?

Is low flow sampling applicable for a fractured rock aquifer?

How important is it to eliminate the bubbles within sampling containers, what effect does this have on sample quality?

When it comes to flow rate on a portable pump controller does any controller give you a specific amount per minute reading?

Have you noticed any false positives and/or negatives in VOC sampling while utilizing polyethylene bladders in tubing?

Are vertical flow conditions an important issue for fractured rock wells?

Is it okay to sample when the indicator parameters have stabilized but the water level is still dropping?

Is this the correct sequence of bottle-filling: VOCs, SVOCs, metals, and filtered?

Is there documentation for the low-flow sampling Standard Operating Procedure?

What are the best parameters to measure to ensure a representative sample?

What is the minimum tube size for low flow sampling?